Types of Hypotheses

There are several types of hypotheses that can be used in research:

1. Null hypothesis: This type of hypothesis assumes that there is no significant relationship between two variables being studied. For example, “There is no significant difference in test scores between students who received tutoring and those who did not.”
2. Alternative hypothesis: This type of hypothesis assumes that there is a significant relationship between two variables being studied. For example, “There is a significant difference in test scores between students who received tutoring and those who did not.”
3. Directional hypothesis: This type of hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between the variables being studied. For example, “Students who receive tutoring will score higher on the test than those who did not receive tutoring.”
4. Non-directional hypothesis: This type of hypothesis does not predict the direction of the relationship between the variables being studied. For example, “There will be a difference in test scores between students who received tutoring and those who did not.”
5. Research or scientific hypothesis: This type of hypothesis is based on prior knowledge or observation, and it attempts to explain a phenomenon or predict an outcome. For example, “Increased physical activity leads to improved mental health.” This hypothesis can be tested through empirical research.
6. Statistical hypothesis: This type of hypothesis is used in statistical testing to determine whether the null hypothesis can be rejected. For example, “The mean test scores of students who received tutoring are significantly different from those who did not receive tutoring.”

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Read the book for various topics on Research Methodology

Research in Education by John W. Best and James V. Kahn